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Temporal Trends in Fin Whale ( Balaenoptera physalus ) Vocalizations Off the West Coast of South AfricaNARA Subscribed
Long‐term acoustic monitoring of whale vocalizations offers valuable information on cetacean population biology and ecology and has become an essential tool for stock management. This study investigated seasonal and interannual variation in fin whale call characteristics off the west coast of South Africa using passive acoustic data across two periods: July 24, 2014 to January 13, 2017, and March 3, 2023 to September 27, 2024....
Mite domatia — small structures on plant leaves that house mutualistic mites — are widespread across plants yet remain relatively understudied. Here we investigate the chemistry and micromorphology of mite domatia across sympatric species of broadleaf deciduous woody species that have convergently evolved tuft-form mite domatia. Specifically, we test whether domatia display similar micromorphological and chemical properties us...
DNA Metabarcoding Reveals Unexpected Predator–Prey–Microbial Dynamics in the Southern Right Whale ( Eubalaena australis )NARA Subscribed
Southern right whale ( Eubalaena australis ; SRW) populations are recovering from the impacts of commercial whaling, however, recovery has been spatially variable, with strong associations between reproduction and prey availability. The diet of SRWs has not been widely examined, and with SRW foraging shifting away from high‐latitude foraging grounds dominated by krill, it is essential to understand their diet at different loca...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Distributed optical fibre sensing (DOFS) is a technology that enables continuous, real-time measurements of a range of environmental parameters along the length of a fibre optic cable. In this article, we review the recently emerged applications of DOFS techniques in physical oceanography and offer a perspective on the technology's potential for future growth within the field. The introduction of DOFS to physical oceanography...
Brain macrostructure correlates of financial altruism in older adults without dementiaNARA Subscribed
Greater financial altruism (i.e., the tendency to give money to an anonymous individual) has been previously associated with poorer performance on neuropsychological tests sensitive to cognitive changes occurring in early Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While these findings provide initial support for the idea that financial altruism may be associated with early AD-related brain changes, no study has used MRI to investigate structur...
Anadromous salmonids play vital roles in marine and freshwater ecosystems. The most abundant of these fishes—Pacific salmon ( Oncorhynchus spp.)—are integral to coastal ecosystems and communities across the North Pacific Rim, but numerous populations are experiencing dramatic declines, particularly towards the south of their range. Although many declines have been linked to poor marine survival, the early marine life phase of...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
The Toxicology Investigators Consortium 2024 Annual ReportNARA Subscribed
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an age-associated vascular condition that contributes to progressive skeletal muscle dysfunction, marked by oxidative stress, mitochondrial abnormalities, and muscle atrophy. Chronic alcohol misuse independently induces similar myopathic changes. Whether alcohol use disorder (AUD) worsens PAD-related skeletal muscle pathology in humans remains unknown. We analyzed gastrocnemius biopsies from...
Background Higher-risk medications are associated with increased risk of medication-related harm in older populations. Aim To investigate the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and the prescribing of higher-risk drug classes and polypharmacy in older community-dwelling adults. Methods This prospective, population-based cohort study used linked data from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA, 2018), the Heal...