Biotic interactions such as competition and predation are important ecological drivers of population structure. Interactions among higher trophic level fish can contribute to further population declines in species, such as eels, made vulnerable by overexploitation or environmental change. Furthermore, trophic interactions may further predispose eel populations to collapse, but this is poorly understood, particularly along the...

Recognizing the imperative to evaluate species recovery and conservation impact, in 2012 the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) called for development of a “Green List of Species” (now the IUCN Green Status of Species). A draft Green Status framework for assessing species’ progress toward recovery, published in 2018, proposed 2 separate but interlinked components: a standardized method (i.e., measurement aga...