The carbon dioxide radical anion, CO 2 ●− , is a highly reactive radical species involved in the reduction of the CO 2 greenhouse gas, organic synthesis, atmospheric aerosol chemistry, and treatment of halogenated compounds. In recent years, CO 2 ●− has emerged as a strong reductant, or single electron donor. Here we present techniques used to generate CO 2 ●− and we discuss applications to degrading pollutants such as halogen...

Summary Subsurface ecosystems like groundwater harbour diverse microbial communities, including small‐sized, putatively symbiotic organisms of the Candidate Phyla Radiation, yet little is known about their ecological preferences and potential microbial partners. Here, we investigated a member of the superphylum Microgenomates ( Cand . Roizmanbacterium ADI133) from oligotrophic groundwater using mini‐metagenomics and monitored...

Understanding ecosystem resilience to human impacts is critical for conservation and restoration. The large‐scale die‐off of New England salt marshes was triggered by overfishing and resulted from decades of runaway crab grazing. In 2009, however, cordgrass began to recover, decreasing die‐off ∼40% by 2010. We used surveys and experiments to test whether plant–substrate feedbacks underlie marsh resilience. Initially, grazer‐ge...