Long‐term ecological experiments provide unique opportunities to observe the effects of natural selection. The P ark G rass E xperiment at R othamsted E xperiment S tation in H ertfordshire, UK , is the longest running ecological experiment that incorporates fertilization treatments and has been ongoing since 1856. In the 1970s, local adaptation was observed in the grass A nthoxanthum odoratum to the elevated soil aluminium le...

Intensive management practices increase productivity of forest plantations by reducing site, stand, and biological limitations to dry matter production and by maximizing the allocation of production to harvestable tree components. The resulting increase allows greater fiber production from a smaller land base and provides market incentives to keep these lands under forest use. The Southeast and Pacific Northwest contain the la...