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Crown-of-thorns starfish (CoTS: Acanthaster spp.) remain one of the foremost causes of coral mortality on coral reefs throughout the Indo West-Pacific, and recurrent population irruptions compound upon other major disturbances, especially climate-induced coral bleaching. Renewed scientific and management interest in CoTS stems from both the initiation of new and renewed population irruptions and sustained degradation of coral...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Cellular activity depends on constant flux of ions across biological membranes. Artificial membrane models like planar lipid bilayers and liposomes are ideal for studying membrane transport phenomena as they are free of the structural complexity of cells and allow examination of transport processes under tightly controlled conditions. Over the last decades, artificial membrane-based techniques like single-channel recording and...
‘Megafire’—You May Not Like It, But You Cannot Avoid ItNARA Subscribed
Aim The term ‘megafire’ is increasingly used to describe large fires worldwide. We proposed a size‐based definition of megafire—fires exceeding 10,000 ha arising from single or multiple related ignition events. A recent perspective in Global Ecology and Biogeography argues against a size‐based definition of megafire and suggest that the term is too emotive for scientific use. We highlight that many scientific terms originate f...
Germline copy number variants and endometrial cancer riskNARA Subscribed
Known risk loci for endometrial cancer explain approximately one third of familial endometrial cancer. However, the association of germline copy number variants (CNVs) with endometrial cancer risk remains relatively unknown. We conducted a genome-wide analysis of rare CNVs overlapping gene regions in 4115 endometrial cancer cases and 17,818 controls to identify functionally relevant variants associated with disease. We identif...
Factors influencing variation in reproduction in invasive species: a case study of the Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineusNARA Subscribed
Reproductive success is a strong determinant of invasive species success. It is common for studies on invasive species to assess reproduction by measuring size-specific fecundity and scaling this up using population size or densities. Yet, reproductive success is influenced by numerous factors that are not accounted for in such calculations. We examined the influence of several factors on fecundity (clutch size) and egg size i...
Dominance and rarity in tree communities across the globe: Patterns, predictors and threatsNARA Subscribed
Aim Ecological and anthropogenic factors shift the abundances of dominant and rare tree species within local forest communities, thus affecting species composition and ecosystem functioning. To inform forest and conservation management it is important to understand the drivers of dominance and rarity in local tree communities. We answer the following research questions: (1) What are the patterns of dominance and rarity in tree...
Purpose Nasal saline irrigation is highly recommended in patients following functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) to aid the postoperative recovery. Post-FESS patients have significantly altered anatomy leading to markedly different flow dynamics from those found in pre-op or non-diseased airways, resulting in unknown flow dynamics. Methods This work investigated how the liquid stream disperses through altered nasal cavit...
What do you mean, ‘megafire’?NARA Subscribed
Background ‘Megafire’ is an emerging concept commonly used to describe fires that are extreme in terms of size, behaviour, and/or impacts, but the term’s meaning remains ambiguous. Approach We sought to resolve ambiguity surrounding the meaning of ‘megafire’ by conducting a structured review of the use and definition of the term in several languages in the peer‐reviewed scientific literature. We collated definitions and descri...