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Dryland ecosystems cover 41% of Earth's land surfaces, account for 44% of cultivated lands and 60% of food sources, and make large contributions to the global water and carbon cycles. However, these ecosystems are experiencing unprecedented extremes including heatwaves, floods, and droughts as well as hotter temperatures and often declining water resource availability. These ecosystems are some of the most challenging to monit...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Background Despite important advancements in diagnostic modalities, routine use of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and newer antifungal therapies, there is a paucity of contemporary data regarding clinical characteristics and outcomes of invasive aspergillosis (IA) in the United States. Methods Single-center, retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients between 2015 and 2020, who had active hematological malignancy (H...
SNAPSHOT USA 2024: Year 6 of the Coordinated National Camera Trap Survey of the United StatesNARA Subscribed
Motivation SNAPSHOT USA is an annual, multi‐contributor camera trap survey of mammals across the United States. The growing SNAPSHOT USA dataset is intended for tracking the spatial and temporal responses of mammal populations to changes in land use, land cover and climate. These data will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, as well as the impacts of speci...
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability is reportedly increased in patients exhibiting postoperative delirium. Changes in either cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or blood metabolites have also been reported in cases of delirium. This investigation examined whether BBB permeability influences metabolite concentrations on either side of the barrier, and whether this changes in cases of delirium. This study is a nested case-control cohor...
Host‐microbiome interactions shape key physiological processes, including bioenergetics, neurodevelopment and xenobiotic metabolism, and strongly influence the ecological fitness of the host. However, our understanding of host‐microbiome interactions is primarily derived from post‐embryonic free‐living life stages, when the organism is in direct contact with microbes. Whether environmental microbial communities influence embry...
Differences in fur cortisol levels of three migratory batsNARA Subscribed
Understanding how organisms respond to their environments is challenging, especially due to the complex processes related to metabolism, energetics, and reproduction. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are metabolic hormones that provide insight into internal process and may trigger a variety of behaviors. To understand how changes to the environment influence wildlife, we must ideally measure levels of GCs in wildlife populations that are...
The Human Shield Hypothesis: Does Predator Avoidance of Humans Create Refuges for Prey?NARA Subscribed
As anthropogenic disturbance restructures ecological communities worldwide, ecologists have developed and tested hypotheses about which species “win” and “lose” in the face of human impacts. One heavily invoked paradigm is that of the human shield, which posits that predators avoid areas of human disturbance due to perceived risk from humans, and prey therefore seek refuge in these areas of perceived safety. Since its introduc...
SNAPSHOT USA 2019–2023: The First Five Years of Data From a Coordinated Camera Trap Survey of the United StatesNARA Subscribed
Motivation SNAPSHOT USA is an annual, multicontributor camera trap survey of mammals across the United States. The growing SNAPSHOT USA dataset is intended for tracking the spatial and temporal responses of mammal populations to changes in land use, land cover and climate. These data will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, as well as the impacts of specie...