Understanding delayed biodiversity responses to global changes is crucial for anticipating future ecosystem dynamics and informing conservation. Here, we analysed a 32‐year time series of benthic megafauna from the North Sea (Dogger Bank) to assess extinction debt and immigration credit using a probabilistic species pool framework. Within this framework, we generated suitability estimates for both observed diversity (i.e., spe...

Background Cereal crops dominate arable agriculture and underpin global food supply. Cereal grain yield is closely related to crop nitrogen (N) uptake. However, excessive inputs of N fertiliser in cereal production systems can have negative environmental consequences and represent high financial risk for farmers. Scope This review explores opportunities to reduce the current reliance of the global staples, wheat ( Triticum aes...

Nitrification is a key process in the aquatic nitrogen (N) cycle, but its products, nitrate (NO 3 − ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O), contribute to eutrophication and greenhouse gas emissions, particularly in eutrophic lakes. Variations in in‐lake N cycling and N 2 O production pathways, as a function of seasonality and artificial oxygenation, remain poorly understood. We investigated nitrification in the artificially oxygenated eu...

Organotrophic denitrification is an important nitrogen (N) removal process in lakes, but alternative N reduction processes such as lithotrophic sulfur (S)‐oxidizing denitrification may be greatly underappreciated. We studied the redox transition zone (RTZ) in the meromictic water column of the North Basin of Lake Lugano (Switzerland) to characterize N transformation pathways coupled to the S and carbon (C) cycles. Incubations...

Upwelling systems and their associated oxygen deficient zones (ODZs) are hotspots of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) production in the ocean. The Benguela Upwelling System (BUS) is a highly productive region and an important, yet variable source of N 2 O to the atmosphere. This study examined underlying processes and microbial key players governing N 2 O production in the BUS during the austral winter. 15 N‐tracer incubation experiments...

Past changes in the input/output, and internal cycling, of bioavailable nitrogen (N) in marine and lacustrine environments can be reconstructed by analyzing the N isotopic composition (δ 15 N) of organic matter in the sedimentary record. To verify, and eliminate, potential biases of bulk sedimentary δ 15 N (δ 15 N bulk ) signatures by diagenetic alteration and external N inputs, we applied, for the first time, the diatom‐bound...

Warming and eutrophication influence carbon (C) processing in sediments, with implications for the global greenhouse‐gas budget. Temperature effects on sedimentary C loss are well understood, but the mechanism of change in turnover through priming with labile organic matter (OM) is not. Evaluating changes in the magnitude of priming as a function of warming, eutrophication, and OM stoichiometry, we incubated sediments with 13...

Marine oxygen‐deficient zones represent a natural source of nitrous oxide (N 2 O), a potent greenhouse gas and ozone‐depleting agent. To investigate controls on N 2 O production, the responses of ammonia oxidation (AO) to nitrite () and N 2 O with respect to oxygen (O 2 ), ammonium () and concentrations were evaluated using tracer incubations in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific. Within the oxycline, additions of and O 2 stim...

Accumulation of methane in oxic waters of lakes and the ocean has been widely reported. Despite the importance for the greenhouse gas budget, mechanistic controls of such “methane paradox” remain elusive. Here, we use a combination of CH 4 concentration and isotopic (δ 13 C CH4 , δD H2O and δ 18 O H2O ) measurements, plankton incubations and microbial community assessments to demonstrate the existence of the methane paradox in...

We studied the transleaflet coupling of compositionally asymmetric liposomes in the fluid phase. The vesicles were produced by cyclodextrin-mediated lipid exchange and contained dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) in the inner leaflet and different mixed-chain phosphatidylcholines (PCs) as well as milk sphingomyelin (MSM) in the outer leaflet. In order to jointly analyze the obtained small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering...

Lakes can be important sources of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N 2 O) to the atmosphere, but to what extent abiotic processes may contribute to lacustrine N 2 O production remains uncertain. We assessed pathways of N 2 O production and reduction in the water column of meromictic and iron‐rich Lake La Cruz, Spain, including chemodenitrification‐induced N 2 O formation via the reaction of reactive nitrogen (N) (e.g.,...

To determine the drivers of phytoplankton biomass, we collected standardized morphometric, physical, and biological data in 230 lakes across the Mediterranean, Continental, and Boreal climatic zones of the European continent. Multilinear regression models tested on this snapshot of mostly eutrophic lakes (median total phosphorus [TP] = 0.06 and total nitrogen [TN] = 0.7 mg L −1 ), and its subsets (2 depth types and 3 climatic...

Proteases play a central role in regulating renal pathophysiology and are increasingly evaluated as actionable drug targets. Here, we review the role of proteolytic systems in inflammatory kidney disease. Inflammatory kidney diseases are associated with broad dysregulations of extracellular and intracellular proteolysis. As an example of a proteolytic system, the complement system plays a significant role in glomerular inflamm...