From 2022 to 2024, South America experienced unprecedented regional climate extremes with severe socioeconomic impacts. These included extreme anomalies in temperature and precipitation, causing extreme drought conditions in southeastern South America and the Altiplano during spring 2022; extreme fire weather in central Chile in summer 2023; flooding in Rio Grande do Sul during autumn 2024; and the multiyear Amazon drought per...

Within-field variability of crop yield levels has been extensively investigated, but the spatial variability of crop yield responses to agronomic treatments is less understood. On-farm precision experimentation (OFPE) can be a valuable tool for the estimation of in-field variation of optimal input rates and thus improve agronomic decisions. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the spatial variability of...

Using field data from previous studies we built matrix models for two populations of giant rosettes, Espeletia timotensis Cuatrec. and E. spicata Sch. Bip. Wedd., from the Andes Cordillera in Mérida, Venezuela. We analysed the models and calculated population growth rate ( λ ), sensitivities, elasticities and the sensitivity of the elasticities to changes in the vital rates. The analysis showed that the two species behave alik...