Landslides are globally pervasive natural hazards posing growing risks under intensifying climate and land-use pressures. Italy, the most landslide-prone country in Europe, has achieved substantial progress in landslide hazard identification, mapping, modelling, forecasting, and risk reduction. Yet, critical gaps remain in inventory completeness and representativeness, medium- to long-term forecasting, monitoring coverage, vul...

Different approaches exist to describe the seismic triggering of rockfalls. Statistical approaches rely on the analysis of local terrain properties and their empirical correlation with observed rockfalls. Conversely, deterministic, or physically based approaches, rely on the modeling of individual trajectories of boulders set in motion by seismic shaking. They require different data and allow various interpretations and applic...

Significant effort has been devoted during the last few decades to the development of methodologies for landslide hazard and risk assessment. All of this work requires harmonization of the methodologies and terminology to facilitate communication within the landslide community, as well as with stakeholders and researchers from other disciplines. Currently, glossaries, and methodological recommendations exist for preparing land...