Small extracellular vesicles derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-sEvs) may be used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) because of their ability to control inflammation and inhibit fibrosis. However, the lack of clarity regarding the treatment mechanism of IPF and the corresponding quality standards limit the clinical application of these small extracellular vesicles. Here, we established...

Introduction Tracing methane originating from deep-sea environments is essential for understanding the global methane budget. However, knowledge regarding the mechanisms governing methane transfer from deep-sea sediments to the water column in cold seep environments remains limited. This study aims to quantitatively investigate the distribution of methane and identify its controlling factors within the Haima cold seep areas. M...