Leveraging existing subsea natural gas pipelines for hydrogen blending offers a practical route for offshore low-carbon energy transport. However, traditional T-pipes require long distances to achieve uniform mixing conditions, raising the risks of stratification and hydrogen embrittlement. In this study, the conventional pipe fittings—elbows are innovatively adopted as passive mixing elements for hydrogen-blended natural gas...

The global shipping industry is surging ahead, and with it, a quiet revolution is taking place on the water: marine lithium-ion batteries have emerged as a crucial clean energy carrier, powering everything from ferries to container ships. When these vessels dock, they increasingly rely on shore power charging systems to refuel—essentially, plugging in instead of idling on diesel. But predicting how much power they will need is...

With the IMO’s 2050 decarbonization target, hydrogen is a key zero-carbon fuel for shipping, but the lack of systematic risk assessment methods for hydrogen-powered marine propulsion systems (under harsh marine conditions) hinders its large-scale application. To address this gap, this study proposes an integrated risk evaluation framework by fusing Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) with the Fuzzy Analytic...

The use of ammonia-fueled solid oxide fuel cells (NH3-SOFC) in shipping has emerged as a key area of research for advancing zero-carbon transportation. This study integrates and analyzes a novel ship design powered by NH3-SOFCs to quantify its environmental impact across its entire life-cycle, from production to disposal. A 200 TEU ammonia-fueled container ship operating on the Yangtze River is used as the reference vessel. Co...

To analyze the dynamic response of a rigid M-shaped jumper subjected to combined internal and external flows, a one-way coupled fluid–structure interaction process is applied. First, CFD simulations are conducted separately for the internal and external fluid domains. The pressure histories on the inner and outer walls are exported and loaded into the finite element model using inverse distance interpolation. Then, FEA is perf...

Blind tees, as important junctions, are widely used in offshore oil and gas transportation systems to improve mixing flow conditions and measurement accuracies in curved pipes. Despite the significance of blind tees, their unsteady flow characteristics and mixing mechanisms in turbulent flow regimes are not clearly established. Therefore, in this study, Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) simulations, coupled with...

The ship industry is currently facing numerous challenges, including rising fuel prices, limited fuel resources, and increasingly strict regulations related to energy efficiency and pollutant emissions. In this context, the adoption of green-ship wind–photovoltaic–electricity–fuel multi-energy supply systems has emerged as an efficient and clean technology that harnesses multiple energy sources. These systems have the potentia...