Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex and diverse illness that makes early detection extremely difficult. Most existing research utilizes data to identify biomarkers and more homogeneous subgroups to improve the detection, prediction of progression, and prognosis of AD. However, AD still suffers from a lack of appropriate biomarkers for early symptom detection and blurred boundaries between different subgroups. Here, an unsupe...

The escalating problem of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) pollution in aquatic environments poses a significant threat to the ovarian tissue and reproductive capacity of fish, hindering the development of the aquaculture industry. However, the combined effects of Cu and Cd on fish gonadal development remain unclear. In this study, the fish species Nile tilapia was stressed with rearing water containing 300 μg/L Cu2+ and 100 μg/L...