Incidental catch (bycatch) of sharks in commercial fisheries is driving global population declines. In this review we assess the efficacy of a comprehensive list of technical bycatch mitigation measures for all major commercial fishing gears. We structured our review around the three stages of capture where opportunities exist to mitigate bycatch: preventing capture; increasing escape probability; and decreasing at-vessel/post...

The theory of best integer equivariant (BIE) estimation provides the minimum mean squared error estimator within the class of integer equivariant (IE) estimators and has found increasing application in mixed-integer models such as those arising in carrier-phase GNSS positioning. Recent developments extended BIE estimation to the broader class of elliptically contoured distributions (ECDs), thereby allowing the use of heavier-t...

In the early nineteenth century, Iceland entered the global market, which caused a large expansion and modernisation of agricultural practices, including rising livestock numbers, higher crop density and the introduction of artificial fertilizers and pesticides. However, the impact of these pressures on Icelandic ecosystems over the past two centuries are largely unknown. This study applies paleolimnological analyses to a sedi...

Mixed-integer (MI) estimation theory is fundamental to carrier-phase GNSS, where real-valued parameters are coupled with integer ambiguities. The class of integer-equivariant (IE) estimators is the largest class that properly respects this structure. Its unbiased minimum mean-squared-error member is the best integer equivariant (BIE) estimator, whose precision is never worse than that of the BLUE and whose performance is often...

Climate variability in South Africa is increasingly characterised by rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns, posing challenges for climate risk assessment and adaptation planning. This study develops a hierarchical Bayesian spatiotemporal framework to model monthly rainfall, combining the Stochastic Partial Differential Equation (SPDE) approach with Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) and a Tweedie likel...