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We have attempted to re-establish bay scallops to the Virginia, U.S.A. coastal bays and document the dynamics of the restoration effort. Bay scallops ( Argopecten irradians ) once flourished in the eelgrass ( Zostera marina ) of the Virginia coastal bays. Eelgrass wasting disease led to declines, and both eelgrass and scallops were completely lost after a 1933 hurricane. The Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) led a su...
Strongly pagophilic, the Adélie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae has long been designated a sea ice obligate species, which included the requirement to find pack ice on which to molt. However, observations have accumulated over the years to question this attribute; therefore, we investigated this aspect of the species’ natural history strategy through a synthesis of published, unpublished, and historical records obtained Antarctic-w...
From field to sky: measurement and modeling of transgenic switchgrass pollen dispersal in the atmosphereNARA Subscribed
Accurate tracking and measurement of pollen dispersal in the atmosphere are essential for assessing cross-pollination risks, particularly in the case of genetically engineered (GE) crops. We conducted a series of unique release-recapture field studies with GE switchgrass in Oliver Springs, TN, USA. Two hundred transgenic switchgrass plants ( Panicum virgatum L. “Performer”) were planted at the center of a clear-cut field, with...
Mineral Stabilization Slows Losses of Peatland Carbon Following Long‐Term Drainage for AgricultureNARA Subscribed
Cultivated peatlands are a major CO 2 emission source, but the processes that regulate the decomposition of drained peat are debated, especially as drained peat becomes increasingly shallow. Many cultivated peatlands are underlain by a mineral soil layer. Surface subsidence, oxidation and tillage reduce the peat thickness, which intermixes peat with minerals as peat is lost. A key question is whether this mixing can reduce emi...
We used a high-resolution (1/12°) Modular Ocean Model version 6 implementation for the Northwest Atlantic Ocean (MOM6-NWA12) to dynamically downscale Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Earth System Model version 4.1 (GFDL-ESM4.1) projections for the 21st century. Simulations were conducted under four different Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 emission scenarios. MOM6-NWA12 accurately simulates the spatial patte...
Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
From ambiguity to action: a framework for assessing ocean-based projects in Canada’s Blue EconomyOA Marine
Canada’s Blue Economy could benefit from an operational, equity-first definition that incorporates an environmentally inclusive framework. Current project assessments follow a neoliberal approach which prioritizes economic viability and leaves social equity and ecological concerns as secondary or tertiary. This Policy and Practice Review proposes an approach to Blue Economy activities by introducing the Blue Economy Developmen...
Endosymbionts impact ladybird predation rates of aphids in a temperature-dependent mannerNARA Subscribed
Aphids are pests that cause major economic losses to growers on a global scale. Current management strategies rely heavily on pesticides, but some effective pesticides are being withdrawn, and the efficiency of remaining pesticides is decreasing, as aphids build up resistance. Biological control using predators can provide an important sustainable alternative to pesticides under some circumstances, and the deliberate introduct...