Incidental catch (bycatch) of sharks in commercial fisheries is driving global population declines. In this review we assess the efficacy of a comprehensive list of technical bycatch mitigation measures for all major commercial fishing gears. We structured our review around the three stages of capture where opportunities exist to mitigate bycatch: preventing capture; increasing escape probability; and decreasing at-vessel/post...

Predator-prey relationships on islands are often profoundly altered by invasive species. Brown skuas Catharacta antarctica are predator-scavengers at sub-Antarctic islands, where their population dynamics are linked to food availability. On Marion Island, skua population size and breeding distribution appear to have shifted in response to changes in burrowing petrel populations, which were severely impacted by feral cat Felis...

Introduction Ringed seals ( Pusa hispida ) are sentinel species of Arctic change, yet baseline microbiome data across their circumpolar range remain limited. Methods We profiled nasal and anal microbiomes from 90 free-ranging ringed seals across eight Arctic and sub-Arctic locations in Canada using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results Body site was the primary determinant of microbiome structure, with nasal and anal asse...

Native freshwater mussels are declining globally, thus, determining factors associated with bivalve distribution and abundance is critical for native mussel conservation. In the Columbia River Basin, Gonidea angulata (western ridged mussel) is highly threatened, while Margaritifera falcata (western pearlshell) and the invasive clam Corbicula fluminea (Asian clam) are more common. We conducted 147 snorkel surveys, collected env...