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Marine megafauna species are affected by a wide range of anthropogenic threats. To evaluate the risk of such threats, species’ vulnerability to each threat must first be determined. We build on the existing threats classification scheme and ranking system of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species by assessing the vulnerability of 256 marine megafauna species to 23 at‐sea threat...
Impacts of Salmonid Fish Production on River Water Quality: A Critical Appraisal of the EvidenceNARA Subscribed
Rivers are recognised as providing valuable goods and services to society, and as hotspots of global biodiversity. Fish farming is an economically important activity associated with river systems; however, the effects of this industry on river health are not entirely understood. Studies evaluating interactions between freshwater fish farms and rivers are limited; therefore, we conducted a systematic review and an appraisal of...
We describe ‘Boldrewood’, a new accession of watercress ( Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) that was initially found to be of short stature with high antioxidant capacity (Payne et al. 2015). This was of particular commercial interest because it offered the potential to develop a novel watercress product with fork-friendly size and improved health-benefits. In two commercial trials comparing Boldrewood to a control, we confirmed t...
Conservation of mobile organisms is difficult in the absence of detailed information about movement and habitat use. While the miniaturization of tracking devices has eased the collection of such information, it remains logistically and financially difficult to track a wide range of species across a large geographic scale. Predictive distribution models can be used to fill this gap by integrating both telemetry and census data...
Unravelling plant responses to rising atmospheric CO 2 concentration ([CO 2 ]) has largely focussed on plastic functional attributes to single generation [CO 2 ] exposure. Quantifying the consequences of long‐term, decadal multigenerational exposure to elevated [CO 2 ] and the genetic changes that may underpin evolutionary mechanisms with [CO 2 ] as a driver remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated both plastic and evo...
Rising atmospheric CO 2 concentration is a key driver of enhanced global greening, thought to account for up to 70% of increased global vegetation in recent decades. CO 2 fertilization effects have further profound implications for ecosystems, food security and biosphere‐atmosphere feedbacks. However, it is also possible that current trends will not continue, due to ecosystem level constraints and as plants acclimate to future...
Moving forward in circles: challenges and opportunities in modelling population cyclesNARA Subscribed
Population cycling is a widespread phenomenon, observed across a multitude of taxa in both laboratory and natural conditions. Historically, the theory associated with population cycles was tightly linked to pairwise consumer–resource interactions and studied via deterministic models, but current empirical and theoretical research reveals a much richer basis for ecological cycles. Stochasticity and seasonality can modulate or c...
Plant adaptation or acclimation to rising CO 2 ? Insight from first multigenerational RNA‐Seq transcriptomeNARA Subscribed
Atmospheric carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) directly determines the rate of plant photosynthesis and indirectly effects plant productivity and fitness and may therefore act as a selective pressure driving evolution, but evidence to support this contention is sparse. Using Plantago lanceolata L. seed collected from a naturally high CO 2 spring and adjacent ambient CO 2 control site, we investigated multigenerational response to future,...
Genetic and morphological differentiation in P opulus nigra L.: isolation by colonization or isolation by adaptation?NARA Subscribed
Identifying processes underlying the genetic and morphological differences among populations is a central question of evolutionary biology. Forest trees typically contain high levels of neutral genetic variation, and genetic differences are often correlated with geographic distance between populations [isolation by distance ( IBD )] or are due to historic vicariance events [isolation by colonization ( IBC )]. In contrast, morp...
Future atmospheric CO 2 leads to delayed autumnal senescenceNARA Subscribed
Growing seasons are getting longer, a phenomenon partially explained by increasing global temperatures. Recent reports suggest that a strong correlation exists between warming and advances in spring phenology but that a weaker correlation is evident between warming and autumnal events implying that other factors may be influencing the timing of autumnal phenology. Using freely rooted, field‐grown Populus in two Free Air CO 2 E...
Energy crops: current status and future prospectsNARA Subscribed
Energy crops currently contribute a relatively small proportion to the total energy produced from biomass each year, but the proportion is set to grow over the next few decades. This paper reviews the current status of energy crops and their conversion technologies, assesses their potential to contribute to global energy demand and climate mitigation over the next few decades, and examines the future prospects. Previous estima...
Woody biomass production during the second rotation of a bio‐energy Populus plantation increases in a future high CO 2 worldNARA Subscribed
The quickly rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 )‐levels, justify the need to explore all carbon (C) sequestration possibilities that might mitigate the current CO 2 increase. Here, we report the likely impact of future increases in atmospheric CO 2 on woody biomass production of three poplar species ( Populus alba L. clone 2AS‐11, Populus nigra L. clone Jean Pourtet and Populus × euramericana clone I‐214). Trees were grow...
Summary Particulate pollution is a serious health problem throughout the world, exacerbating a wide range of respiratory and vascular illnesses in urban areas. The use of trees to reduce the effects of these pollutants has been addressed in the literature, but has rarely been quantified. The aim of the present study was to quantify the effectiveness of five tree species − pine ( Pinus nigra var. maritima ), cypress ( × Cupress...
In this study, we investigated the impact of elevated atmospheric CO 2 (ambient + 350 μmol mol –1 ) on fine root production and respiration in Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings. After six months exposure to elevated CO 2 , root production measured by root in‐growth bags, showed significant increases in mean total root length and biomass, which were more than 100% greater compared to the ambient treatment. This increa...