Cognitive decline is a major non-motor symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD), often linked to brain atrophy. This study examines the relationship between cortical atrophy and age groups in predicting cognitive decline in PD over five years. 188 PD patients from the COPPADIS cohort were stratified by age: young (30–55 years, N = 47), middle-aged (56–65 years, N = 59), and older adults (66–75 years, N = 82). Baseline cortical volu...

Background Modern agricultural practices have exacerbated soil compaction, largely due to the intensification of operations involving heavier machinery and tillage practices. Soil compaction increases soil bulk density and reduces porosity, limiting water and nutrient diffusion within the soil matrix. Soil compaction also alters bacterial and fungal communities in agroecosystems by favouring, for example, anaerobic prokaryotes...