Our understanding of the small-scale processes that drive global biogeochemical cycles and the Earth’s climate is dependent on accurate estimations of interfacial diffusive fluxes to and from biologically-active substrates in aquatic environments. In this study, we present a novel model approach for accurate calculations of diffusive fluxes of dissolved gases, nutrients, and solutes from concentration profiles measured across...

Purification protocols to extract pollen from lake sediments contain chemicals that alter the carbon and oxygen pollen‐isotope values according to pollen characteristics and family affiliation. Modern (raw) pollen of broad‐leaved ( Alnus glutinosa, Betula pendula, Carpinus betulus, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica and Quercus robur ) and coniferous tree species ( Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris ) were treated with potassium...

Aim The aim was to decipher Europe‐wide spatio‐temporal patterns of forest growth dynamics and their associations with carbon isotope fractionation processes inferred from tree rings as modulated by climate warming. Location Europe and North Africa (30‒70° N, 10° W‒35° E). Time period 1901‒2003. Major taxa studied Temperate and Euro‐Siberian trees. Methods We characterize changes in the relationship between tree growth and car...

In forests, the increase in atmospheric CO 2 concentrations ( C a ) has been related to enhanced tree growth and intrinsic water‐use efficiency ( iWUE ). However, in drought‐prone areas such as the Mediterranean Basin, it is not yet clear to what extent this “fertilizing” effect may compensate for drought‐induced growth reduction. We investigated tree growth and physiological responses at five Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.)...

We analyzed size‐specific dry mass, sinking velocity, and apparent diffusivity in field‐sampled marine snow, laboratory‐made aggregates formed by diatoms or coccolithophorids, and small and large zooplankton fecal pellets with naturally varying content of ballast materials. Apparent diffusivity was measured directly inside aggregates and large (millimeter‐long) fecal pellets using microsensors. Large fecal pellets, collected i...