Efficient nitrogen (N) use in crops is vital for promoting sustainable and profitable agriculture and has significant implications for greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation. While urease (UI) and nitrification inhibitors (NI) are known to influence N transformations, soil N availability, and N utilization efficiency (NUE) in ammonium sulfate urea (AS-HS), their impacts on the carbon (C) and water cycles are less well understood. To...