Selecting the most appropriate method for monitoring arsenic in freshwaters is crucial due to the diversity of available approaches and their inherent objectives, advantages, and limitations. This study addresses this challenge by conducting a comparative analysis of three well-established monitoring methodologies that have been among the most used in the last 30 years. Grab sampling, passive sampling using diffusive gradients...

The Aixette Watershed, located in southwestern France, was semi-continuously monitored (every 14 days) over 3 years at four different sampling spots with Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Samplers (POCIS), using the Oasis® HLB configuration (for 64 neutral pesticides/metabolites) and the Oasis® MAX configuration (for 15 ionic pesticides/metabolites). This watershed is characterised by extensive agricultural practices (bovine...