Metal discharges from anthropogenic activities are of great concern, and the effects of metallic mixtures in aquatic environments are still not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu), isolated and combined, in the growth and photosynthesis – photosystem II (PSII) activity (Φ PSII = F v /F M ), effective quantum yield, photochemical (qP) and non-photochemical quenching (qN and...

Microalgal metabolism is affected by the surrounding environment and nutrients such as phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) are essential for optimal metabolism, as well as trace amounts of essential metals such as zinc (Zn); although in higher doses than required, Zn can be toxic. Lead (Pb) is a non-essential metal that can harm organisms from different trophic levels. In the environment, algae are exposed to several stressors sim...