The marine system plays a critical role in the global climate cycle, as a major control of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Marine primary production (photosynthesis) and remineralisation of organic carbon (respiration, degradation) determine the amount of CO 2 sequestered in marine sediments and deep‐water environments on century to millennial timescales. The stocks and fluxes of the marine carbon cycle are susceptible to...

Measuring and attributing controlling factors of acidification and hypoxia are essential for management of coastal ecosystems affected by those stressors. We address this using surveys in the Firth of Thames, a deep, seasonally stratified estuarine embayment adjoing the Hauraki Gulf in northern Aotearoa/New Zealand. The Firth’s catchment has undergone historic land-use intensification transforming it from native forest cover t...

The future status of the surface ocean around New Zealand was projected using two Earth System Models and four emission scenarios. By 2100 mean changes are largest under Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5), with a +2.5°C increase in sea surface temperature, and decreases in surface mixed layer depth (15%), macronutrients (7.5–20%), primary production (4.5%) and particle flux (12%). Largest macronutrient declines...