Dexmedetomidine (DEX) induces a distinct state of “arousable sedation,” yet the neural circuits that sustain arousal capacity remain unclear. Here, we identified that 40 μg/kg DEX produced sedation from which animals could be transiently aroused by tactile stimulation of the back, whereas 100 μg/kg induced deeper, unresponsive sedation. Functional mapping revealed selective activation of the central medial thalamus (CMT). Fibe...

To ensure timely valve response in the event of leaks in marine oil and gas pipeline networks—thereby minimizing the impact of such leaks on the marine ecosystem—providing a continuous and stable power supply for pipeline networks in offshore environments remains a challenge. Integrating a runner into the valve cavity of a control valve to capture fluid energy flowing through the valve for power generation is a promising solut...