Oceanic mesoscale eddies are prevalent throughout the global ocean, playing a critical role in material and energy transport while significantly influencing climate change. Accurate characterization of their three-dimensional structures and movement is essential for a quantitative analysis of their transport processes. Traditional eddy detection algorithms have lower successful detection rate and with more limitations, so they...

Calculation and characterization of the whole process of internal microscopic damage to surface damage in red-bed soft rock is a theoretical research difficulty and an urgent need for engineering safety protection. However, the current study cannot accurately and directly correlate internal and external damage. Therefore, in this paper, a coupled tensor–DEM–FEM model is proposed to deal with surface damage by indoor triaxial t...