Intestinal microbiota of aquatic animals is closely associated with the environment, influencing their health, immune defense, and environmental adaptability. To understand the relationships among the Manila clam ( Ruditapes philippinarum ) intestinal microbiota, the bacterial communities in their habitats, and environmental factors, as well as the characteristics and potential functions of the intestinal microbiota. This stud...

Astrocytes in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) exhibit diverse reactive phenotypes under neuropathic conditions, yet the mechanisms driving this diversity and its implications in chronic pain remain unclear. Here, we report that spared nerve injury (SNI) induces marked upregulation of both complement component 3 (C3⁺, A1-like) and S100 calcium-binding protein A10 (S100A10⁺, A2-like) astrocyte subpopulations in the SDH, with elevat...