Recombinant expression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae offers an alternative approach to developing large-scale production systems for class II bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria, such as enterocin A, mundticin ST4SA and plantaricin 423. An important consideration for bacteriocin activity is disulphide bond formation: mature mundticin ST4SA has one, and plantaricin 423 and enterocin A each have two disulphide bonds....

The International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) acknowledges building stones that have shaped the national or international building culture as IUGS Heritage Stones (HS). Four German building stones were recently awarded the title. Using the Rochlitz Porphyry Tuff, the Solnhofen Limestone, the Jura Marble Limestone and the German Roofing Slate as examples, geological, cultural and construction as well as extraction aspec...

Along U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coast barrier islands, red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ) are top predators that are thought to impact smaller mesopredators and depredate beach-nesting birds. Starting in 2015, sarcoptic mange epizootics among red foxes led to their eventual temporary extirpation from most of Fire Island, NY, USA. We monitored the subsequent changes to the mammalian predator community on this barrier island and explored...

Multimodal therapies comprising spa applications are widely used as non-pharmaceutical treatment options for musculoskeletal diseases. The purpose of this randomized, controlled, open pilot study was to elucidate the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in a multimodal therapy approach. Twenty-five elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) received a 2-week spa therapy with or without combination of low-dose radon th...