Norwegian Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) smolt production strategies are multifaceted. One strategy involves rearing in brackish water during the smoltification process, often in combination with relatively low specific water flow (SWF). Even though such practices are common, there is still a lack of scientific documentation of how this affects fish welfare and performance. In the present study, we examined the performance...

In order to investigate how changes in gill Na + , K + ‐ ATPase ( NKA ) α1a and α1b subunits, Na + , K + , 2Cl − co‐transporter ( NKCC1 ) and the apical cystic fibrosis trans‐membrane conductance regulator‐I ( CFTR ‐I) transcripts in wild strain of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar , smolts are affected by temperature during spring, hatchery‐reared parr (mean ± s.e . fork length = 14·1 ± 0·5; mean ± s.e . body mass = 28·5 ± 4·5 g)...