As a critical regulating component in subsea Christmas tree systems, the cage-type choke valve governs the overall production efficiency and operational reliability of offshore oil and gas exploitation owing to its unique internal flow field characteristics. In accordance with the in situ operating conditions of the target oilfield, this paper performs a numerical simulation and systematic analysis on the flow field behaviors...

High-energy, short-lived typhoon deposition can disrupt particle–water interactions, raising the question of whether rare earth elements (REEs) in event deposits still reflect equilibrium-controlled partitioning or instead capture transient, non-equilibrium geochemical states. We sampled a ~0.5–1 cm surface storm layer and underlying background sediments at 11 stations in the northeastern Beibu Gulf on 29–30 September 2024 (20...