Anopheles melas is a brackish water–breeding member of the Anopheles gambiae complex that is distributed along the coast of West Africa and is a major malaria vector within its range. Because little is known about the population structure of this species, we analysed 15 microsatellite markers and 1161 bp of mt DNA in 11 A. melas populations collected throughout its range. Compared with its sibling species A. gambiae , A. melas...