The capacity of four eddy-resolving ocean circulation models—HYCOM (HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model), MRI.COM (Meteorological Research Institute Community Ocean Model), OFES (Ocean General Circulation Model for the Earth Simulator), and NEMO (Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean)—to simulate the long-term mean hydrographic conditions and circulation patterns in the Japan Sea is investigated in this study. The assessment of...