Understanding age and growth in marine bivalves is essential for interpreting population dynamics and environmental responses. The analysis of sclerochronological growth increments within internal shell layers provides a reliable approach for reconstructing age and growth history and preserves long-term records of environmental variability and stress. This study presents the first assessment of age structure and growth history...

The middle–upper Eocene successions of northwest Fayum, Egypt, provide a crucial archive for reconstructing paleoenvironmental conditions and paleobiogeographical patterns of the southern Tethys realm. Stratigraphically, the investigated section is subdivided into three rock units: the Gehannam Formation (Bartonian-Priabonian), the Birket Qarun Formation, and the Qasr El Sagha Formation (Priabonian). A total of 101 benthic for...