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Prolonging survival in good health is a fundamental societal goal. However, the leading determinants of disability-free survival in healthy older people have not been well established. Data from ASPREE, a bi-national placebo-controlled trial of aspirin with 4.7 years median follow-up, was analysed. At enrolment, participants were healthy and without prior cardiovascular events, dementia or persistent physical disability. Disab...
Restored connectivity facilitates recruitment by an endemic large‐seeded tree in a fragmented tropical landscapeNARA Subscribed
Many large‐seeded Neotropical trees depend on a limited guild of animals for seed dispersal. Fragmented landscapes reduce animal abundance and movement, limiting seed dispersal between distant forest remnants. In 2006, experimental plantings were established in pasture to determine whether plantings enhance seed dispersal and, ultimately, seedling recruitment. We examined patterns of naturally recruited seedlings of Ocotea uxp...
Recruitment of Hornbill‐Dispersed Trees in Hunted and Logged Forests of the Indian Eastern HimalayaNARA Subscribed
Hunting of hornbills by tribal communities is widespread in logged foothill forests of the Indian Eastern Himalaya. We investigated whether the decline of hornbills has affected the dispersal and recruitment of 3 large‐seeded tree species. We hypothesized that 2 low‐fecundity tree species , Chisocheton paniculatus and Dysoxylum binectariferum (Meliaceae) bearing arillate fruits, are more dispersal limited than a prolifically f...
Prairie forb response to timing of vole herbivoryNARA Subscribed
The timing of herbivory can be an important factor in the strength and direction of plant response to herbivore damage. To determine the effect of vole herbivory timing within a growing season on tallgrass prairie forbs, we used individual plant enclosures to limit vole access to three species, Desmanthus illinoensis , Echinacea purpurea , and Heliopsis helianthoides , in an experimental restoration in northern Illinois, USA....
Disperser limitation and recruitment of an endemic African tree in a fragmented landscapeNARA Subscribed
Forest fragmentation may have positive or negative effects on tropical tree populations. Our earlier study of an endemic African tree, Leptonychia usambarensis (Sterculiaceae), in the East Usambara Mountains of Tanzania, found poorer recruitment of seedlings and juveniles in small fragments compared to continuous forest, and concomitant reduction of seed‐dispersal agents and seed dispersal. However, the possibility that other...
The Paradox of Forest Fragmentation GeneticsNARA Subscribed
Theory predicts widespread loss of genetic diversity from drift and inbreeding in trees subjected to habitat fragmentation, yet empirical support of this theory is scarce. We argue that population genetics theory may be misapplied in light of ecological realities that, when recognized, require scrutiny of underlying evolutionary assumptions. One ecological reality is that fragment boundaries often do not represent boundaries f...
Inherent Rarity in Community RestorationNARA Subscribed
We explore the implications of an often overlooked fact in community restoration: most species, in real or synthetic communities, are infrequent or rare, a phenomenon we call “inherent rarity.” Whether from long‐term interactions of many factors affecting birth, death, and establishment within natural communities, or from short‐term interactions of recently created communities, species abundance distributions are roughly logno...
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