A newly found leaf arrangement to reduce self-shading was observed in a Japanese warm-temperate forest. For monoaxial trees that deploy leaves directly on a single stem, leaf arrangements involving progressive elongation of the petiole and progressive increase in deflection angle (the angle between stem and petiole) from the uppermost to the lowermost leaves act to reduce self-shading. However, the progressive reduction in pet...

Purpose Esaxerenone is a novel, oral, nonsteroidal treatment for hypertension. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling was performed to predict the drug–drug interaction (DDI) effect of cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A modulators on esaxerenone pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects and subjects with hepatic impairment. Methods In our PBPK model, the fraction of esaxerenone metabolised by CYP3A was estimated from mass-bala...

The degree of gas hydrate saturation at I ntegrated O cean D rilling P rogram ( IODP ) S ite C 0002 in the K umano B asin, N ankai T rough, was estimated from logging‐while‐drilling logs and core samples obtained during IODP E xpeditions 314 and 315. Sediment porosity data necessary for the calculation of saturation were obtained from both core samples and density logs. Two forms of the Archie equation (‘quick‐look’ and ‘stand...