The search for sustainable alternatives to fish oil (FO) in aquafeeds is imperative for the long-term sustainability of aquaculture. This study evaluated the effects of partially replacing FO with oils derived from Hermetia illucens (RH) and Musca domestica (RY) larvae at 10%, 30%, and 50% levels on growth, lipid metabolism, hepatic antioxidant capacity, and gut microbiota in juvenile Cyprinus carpio. Results showed distinct s...

Underwater vehicles performing sampling tasks often encounter significant buoyancy variations due to payload adjustments and environmental changes, which severely challenge the stability and accuracy of controllers. To address this issue, this paper proposes a hybrid control framework that integrates Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) with adaptive PID tuning. The framework employs PPO to dynamically adjust PID parameters onli...