This study explores the dynamics of protist communities in the northeastern East China Sea (ECS) focusing on their responses to changing water masses and oceanographic conditions during spring, summer, and autumn in 2023. Water masses were classified using K-means clustering based on physico-chemical parameters, revealing significant seasonal variation. Protist community spatial, temporal, and vertical distributions were analy...

This study examined seasonal variations in water mass structure and nutrient dynamics in Kongsfjorden, a high Arctic fjord where water mass composition varies seasonally due to mixing among Atlantic Water, Polar Surface Water, and glacial meltwater. In spring, the dominance of Modified Atlantic Water (MAW) facilitated active vertical mixing, leading to relatively high, uniform nutrient concentrations throughout the water colum...