Silymarin and L-carnitine are individually used in fish diets, yet whether they exert interactive or additive effects when combined remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the individual and combined impacts of dietary silymarin (S), L-carnitine (LC), and their combination (S + LC) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant status, immune response, and gene expression in Nile tilapia. A total of 360...

This study evaluated the effects of biofloc technology (BFT) on male and female red tilapia ( Oreochromis spp.) broodstock over a long-term rearing period, focusing on the pre-spawning and spawning phases. A total of 1000 mixed-sex acclimated fingerlings (36.88 ± 3.44 g) to 18 parts per thousand salinity over 15 days were assigned to either BFT or clear water control tanks. During the pre-spawning phase, BFT enhanced water qua...

Recently, Low-dose triple single-pill combinations (LDTC) have become a promising option for managing hypertension. This review evaluates LDTC’s effectiveness and safety versus standard care, monotherapy, and placebo for blood pressure (BP) control. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, WOS, Scopus, and Cochrane from inception to September 2024. The analysis presen...

The escalating global demand for sustainable energy has stimulated research into renewable alternatives, with microalgae emerging as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production. This study evaluates the potential of two microalgal species, Tetradesmus obliquus and Monoraphidium sp., for efficient and sustainable biodiesel synthesis. These species were selected based on their high lipid content, favorable fatty acid profiles...