Wildfire response effectiveness depends on strategically prepositioning resources to balance accessibility and hazard exposure, as wildfires can escalate rapidly and delayed access to equipment in the early stages and initial attack increases operational risk and firefighter casualties. This study presents a geographic information system (GIS) and multi-modal transportation network-based optimization framework that integrates...

High-impact, low-probability (HILP) events, characterised by their extreme consequences and inherent unpredictability, pose a growing challenge to disaster risk reduction in an era of systemic and cascading crises. Traditional risk assessment frameworks, which rely on probability-based models, often fail to capture the full scope of these events, leaving critical vulnerabilities unaddressed. This semi-systematic state-of-the-a...

As infrastructure systems face growing challenges from threats and increasing complexity, resilience has become a critical focus in sustaining essential services and managing risks. However, existing frameworks for assessing resilience are often impractical for owner-operators of critical infrastructure like dams and watersheds due to their complexity, extensive data requirements, and high costs. The failure of the Oroville Da...

Water security in arid and semi-arid Middle Eastern climates has been severely impacted by effects of climate change such as reduced precipitation, diminished storage, increased evapotranspiration, and prolonged heat waves. These climate effects are compounded in Iraq, where populations, agriculture, industry, and energy rely heavily on varying transboundary water flows to meet water demands. Iraq’s most profitable sector, ene...

As the governance of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) evolves, innovations in the prevention, mitigation, management, and transfer of risk shape discussion of how nanotechnology may mature and reach various marketplaces. Safety-by-Design (SbD) is one leading concept that, while equally philosophy as well as risk-based practice, can uniquely help address lingering uncertainties and concerns stemming from regulatory evaluation of...

Organizational and technical approaches have proven successful in increasing the performance and preventing risks at socio-technical systems at all scales. Nevertheless, damaging events are often unavoidable due to a wide and dynamic threat landscape and enabled by the increasing complexity of modern systems. For overall performance and risk control at the system level, resilience can be a versatile option, in particular for r...