The CO 2 flux () from lakes to the atmosphere is a large component of the global carbon cycle and depends on the air–water CO 2 concentration gradient (ΔCO 2 ) and the gas transfer velocity ( k ). Both ΔCO 2 and k can vary on multiple timescales and understanding their contributions to is important for explaining variability in fluxes and developing optimal sampling designs. We measured and ΔCO 2 and derived k for one full ice...

Lakes are major sources of methane (CH 4 ) to the atmosphere that contribute significantly to the global budget. Recent studies have shown that diffusive fluxes, ebullition and surface water CH 4 concentrations can differ significantly within lakes—spatially and temporally. CH 4 fluxes may be affected at longer scales in response to seasons, temperature, lake mixing events, short term weather events like pressure variations, s...