When the rhodopsin visual pigment of vertebrate rods absorbs light, photoisomerization of its 11- cis retinal chromophore to all-trans retinal triggers a conformational change, ultimately leading to the formation of metarhodopsin II (meta II), the active signalling state. Meta II initiates the phototransduction cascade, culminating in membrane hyperpolarization. To investigate how meta II lifetime shapes the rod photoresponse,...

Purpose Passive heating has emerged as a potential non‑exercise method to support muscle strength and mass, but its application is limited by inconsistent protocols and unclear dosage and safety guidelines. This study used a Delphi methodology to establish expert consensus on key parameters for passive heating interventions targeting neuromuscular and muscle morphology outcomes. Methods An international panel of academic exper...

The aetiology of frailty remains unknown. It has been hypothesised that individual differences in epigenetic mechanisms, particularly DNA methylation (DNAm), may help to explain why some individuals become frail while others do not. Relating epigenetic measures to transitions in age-related frailty in individual patients requires longitudinal studies over many years. To overcome this barrier, we study associations between DNAm...

Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) populations in Scotland are subject to active management and conservation practices which require biological reference points (BRPs), specifically conservation limits, defined at the level of the stock. Acquiring the data necessary to independently derive these BRPs for all managed populations in Scotland is prohibitive, motivating the use of Bayesian hierarchical stock–recruitment models. The...

Universities are increasingly becoming centers for activities that bridge the gap between weather and climate information. These activities integrate emerging research with science-informed decision-making to contribute to the development of official climate services. Yet there is relatively little literature describing how they balance the competing demands of stakeholder engagement, academic incentives, and the need for acti...

Boat strikes injure and kill large numbers of Florida manatees ( Trichechus manatus latirostris ) each year. Management actions taken to mitigate this threat can be potentially enhanced by consideration of manatee cognitive processes. The role of cognition in marine mammal conservation has received little consideration in the literature. Here, we integrate discoveries from laboratory research on auditory sensory processes and...

Multilayer canopy models have been developed for several decades, and interest in this model class remains high despite their complexity because of their multiple advantages over big‐leaf models. Nowadays, a number of scientific and technological advancements favour improving and evaluating these models. First, the advent of lidar technology has enabled detailed mapping of leaves and stems in forest canopies and enhanced the m...

Conservation (or safe) havens are protected areas where barriers (e.g., fences) separate biodiversity from threatening processes and are being increasingly used to support conservation. Differences between selection pressures inside and outside havens can be anticipated; however, understanding of the evolutionary consequences of these differences is limited, and many changes may be going unnoticed. This hampers assessments of...

Photovoltaics is emerging as the most widespread renewable energy sources globally, yet with increased reliance on alternative energy sources, concerns for land usage have been increased as well. Photovoltaic farms, while typically converted from agricultural farms, have the ability to be key multipurpose lands, incorporating agricultural or conservation initiatives in the same area. While developers advertise increased pollin...