Purpose Freeze-preservation of porcine aortic tissue is often necessary for experimental planning and standardization, but the impact of freezing on aortic root properties has not been systematically investigated. This study evaluated the effects of freezing and thawing on the biomechanical, fluid dynamic, and ultrasonographic characteristics of porcine aortic roots. Methods A total of 32 porcine hearts were obtained from a lo...

Aim The A rctic has experienced marked climatic differences between glacial and interglacial periods and is now subject to a rapidly warming climate. Knowledge of the effects of historical processes on current patterns of diversity may aid predictions of the responses of vegetation to future climate change. We aim to test whether plant species and genetic diversity patterns are correlated with time since deglaciation at region...