Elasmobranch nurseries often differ in environmental conditions, demographics, and use patterns. These differences affect the distribution of genetic variation among nurseries. However, conservation and management strategies often fail to account for such differences because they are difficult to characterize. We assessed differences in connectivity, genetic variation, and numbers of breeders among scalloped hammerheads ( Sphy...

We used an ecological niche theory framework integrating physiological and behavioural ecology to understand interspecific differentiation of juveniles of four Antarctic fishes: Trematomus bernacchii , Trematomus pennellii , Trematomus nicolai and Pagothenia borchgrevinki . We focused on basal metabolic traits and the exploration‐avoidance axis of behaviour, two key dimensions of species fitness and drivers of niche differenti...

[ 11 C]COU is a trapped metabolite radiotracer for in vivo analysis of Monoamine Oxidase B activity using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. [ 11 C]COU has the potential to quantify astrocytosis in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease, providing an earlier marker of disease than currently available for staging disease progression. Prior preclinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of this radiotracer in precl...

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase has a well-characterized role in modulation of inflammatory processes throughout the body. In the central nervous system, p38 is primarily studied within neurons and microglia, most commonly in the context of neurological insult. The present study was designed to determine its function in astrocytes during non-pathological aging. We generated a conditional knockout model in which a tamo...

Introduction Methods combining data from spatially limited, independently conducted surveys indicate a preliminary recovery for coastal shark species along the Atlantic. However, anthropogenic climate change is expected to shift distributions and alter migration timing for these highly migratory species, potentially affecting survey catchability and interpretation of abundance indices. Methods Vector autoregressive spatiotempo...

Understanding spatial ecology and predicting animal movements in response to environmental changes, such as anthropogenic climate change and multidecadal variability, is critical for effective conservation strategies. Niche structuring is key to some coastal shark species and size classes coexisting in the US Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico to limit interspecific and intraspecific interaction. Data from four fishery‐independent bo...

Understanding how interactions among microevolutionary forces generate genetic population structure of exploited species is vital to the implementation of management policies that facilitate persistence. Philopatry displayed by many coastal shark species can impact gene flow and facilitate selection, and has direct implications for the spatial scales of management. Here, genetic structure of the blacktip shark ( Carcharhinus l...

Notothenioidei fishes have evolved under stable cold temperatures; however, ocean conditions are changing globally, with polar regions poised to experience the greatest changes in environmental factors, such as warming. These stressors have the potential to dramatically affect energetic demands, and the persistence of the notothenioids will be dependent on metabolic capacity, or the ability to match energy supply with energy d...

Management of the land–sea interface is essential for global conservation and sustainability objectives because coastal regions maintain natural processes that support biodiversity and the livelihood of billions of people. However, assessments of coastal regions have focused strictly on either the terrestrial or marine realm. Consequently, understanding of the overall state of Earth's coastal regions is poor. We integrated the...

Understanding dispersal in large marine fauna is necessary for conservation, but movement patterns often vary widely by sex and life stage. In sharks, genetic studies have shown evidence of widespread male-biased dispersal, though tagging and tracking studies on the same populations show both sexes using site fidelity, including philopatry, and moving similar distances. We used a suite of microsatellite loci and DNA samples fr...

Marine species are declining at an unprecedented rate, catalyzing many nations to adopt conservation and management targets within their jurisdictions. However, marine species and the biophysical processes that sustain them are naive to international borders. An understanding of the prevalence of cross‐border species distributions is important for informing high‐level conservation strategies, such as bilateral or regional agre...

Shark dive ecotourism is a lucrative industry in many regions around the globe. In some cases, sharks are provisioned using bait, prompting increased research on how baited dives influence shark behavior and yielding mixed results. Effects on patterns of habitat use and movement seemly vary across species and locations. It is unknown, however, whether wide-ranging, marine apex predators respond to provisioning by changing thei...