J. O. Callaghan results 51
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Global patterns and regional insights into kelp forest protection, restoration, and stewardshipNARA Subscribed
Kelp forests are among the most extensive and productive coastal ecosystems, yet they remain underrepresented in global conservation policy despite widespread declines driven by interacting global- (i.e., ocean warming, marine heatwaves) to local-scale stressors. At the same time, kelp conservation and restoration efforts are expanding rapidly across regions, but measures of success and syntheses tend to primarily focus on eco...
Anthropogenic impacts are increasingly affecting deep‐sea environments, including seafloor sediment disturbances by bottom trawling and seafloor mining. Fieldwork in the ‘Resilience Of Benthic Ecosystems to Sedimentation’ (ROBES) project were conducted in 2018–2020 on the 400 m‐deep Chatham Rise crest, eastern Aotearoa New Zealand. Water column turbidity data, sediment traps on near‐seabed moorings and benthic landers and surf...
The thermal structure of tropical reef systems is shaped by air-sea interactions, turbulent mixing, and subsurface-driven processes, yet their complex dynamics and interactions are not well understood. This study uses in situ observations and global model outputs to investigate the modulation of subsurface ocean properties by wind-driven Ekman transport, turbulent overturning, and semidiurnal temperature fluctuations, along a...
Interannual variation in survival of wild Atlantic salmon smolts through a dynamic estuarine habitatNARA Subscribed
Migration timing is critical for diadromous fish, especially for survival. Migration through fresh water and estuarine transitional waterbodies may be an important early life survival bottleneck through potential exposure to anthropogenic pressures and predators. Monitoring smolt movement and survival through riverine and estuarine habitats is important for identifying causes of smolt mortality and the potential for directing...
Common, low-frequency, rare, and ultra-rare coding variants contribute to COVID-19 severityNARA Subscribed
The combined impact of common and rare exonic variants in COVID-19 host genetics is currently insufficiently understood. Here, common and rare variants from whole-exome sequencing data of about 4000 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals were used to define an interpretable machine-learning model for predicting COVID-19 severity. First, variants were converted into separate sets of Boolean features, depending on the absence or the pr...
Collisions between wildlife and aircraft are a serious and growing threat to aviation safety. Understanding the frequency of these collisions, the identity of species involved, and the potential damage that can be inflicted on to aircraft aid mitigation efforts by airfield managers. A record of all animal carcasses recovered from Dublin International Airport, Ireland’s largest civil aviation airport, has been maintained since...
Observations collected from a fast-flowing buoyant river plume entering the head of Doubtful Sound, New Zealand, were analysed to examine the drivers of plume lateral spreading. The near-field plume is characterised by flow speeds of over 2 ms −1 , and strong stratification ( N 2 > 0.1 s −2 ), resulting in enhanced shear which supports the elevated turbulence dissipation rates (ϵ > 10 −3 W kg −1 ). Estimates of plume lateral s...
The role of turbulence and internal waves in the structure and evolution of a near-field river plumeOA Marine
An along-channel momentum budget is quantified in the near-field plume region of a controlled river flow entering Doubtful Sound, New Zealand. Observations include highly resolved density, velocity and turbulence, enabling a momentum budget to be constructed over a control volume. Estimates of internal stress (τ) were made from direct measurements of turbulence dissipation rates (ϵ) using vertical microstructure profiles. High...
The OceanGliders program started in 2016 to support active coordination and enhancement of global glider activity. OceanGliders contributes to the international efforts of the Global Ocean Observation System (GOOS) for Climate, Ocean Health, and Operational Services. It brings together marine scientists and engineers operating gliders around the world: (1) to observe the long-term physical, biogeochemical, and biological ocean...
Functional traits are increasingly being used to predict extinction risks and range shifts under long‐term climate change scenarios, but have rarely been used to study vulnerability to extreme climatic events, such as supraseasonal droughts. In streams, drought intensification can cross thresholds of habitat loss, where marginal changes in environmental conditions trigger disproportionate biotic responses. However, these thres...
The short‐lived neon damsel Pomacentrus coelestis : implications for population dynamicsNARA Subscribed
Daily increments of Pomacentrus coelestis , an abundant and well‐studied fish, were validated for the life of the fish and depending on the location, age‐maxima were estimated to be 127–160 days on reefs separated by tens to hundreds of kilometres on the Great Barrier Reef. This contrasts with congeners and other damselfishes that live for 5 years or more. Otoliths of P. coelestis were thinner and had different patterns of ban...
Future human well‐being under climate change depends on the ongoing delivery of food, fibre and wood from the land‐based primary sector. The ability to deliver these provisioning services depends on soil‐based ecosystem services (e.g. carbon, nutrient and water cycling and storage), yet we lack an in‐depth understanding of the likely response of soil‐based ecosystem services to climate change. We review the current knowledge o...