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Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
SNAPSHOT USA 2024: Year 6 of the Coordinated National Camera Trap Survey of the United StatesNARA Subscribed
Motivation SNAPSHOT USA is an annual, multi‐contributor camera trap survey of mammals across the United States. The growing SNAPSHOT USA dataset is intended for tracking the spatial and temporal responses of mammal populations to changes in land use, land cover and climate. These data will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, as well as the impacts of speci...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
Predicting the progression of MCI and Alzheimer’s disease on structural brain integrity and other features with machine learningNARA Subscribed
Machine learning (ML) on structural MRI data shows high potential for classifying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, but the specific contribution of brain regions, demographics, and proteinopathy remains unclear. Using Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, we applied an extreme gradient-boosting algorithm and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values to classify cognitively normal (CN) older adults, th...
SNAPSHOT USA 2019–2023: The First Five Years of Data From a Coordinated Camera Trap Survey of the United StatesNARA Subscribed
Motivation SNAPSHOT USA is an annual, multicontributor camera trap survey of mammals across the United States. The growing SNAPSHOT USA dataset is intended for tracking the spatial and temporal responses of mammal populations to changes in land use, land cover and climate. These data will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, as well as the impacts of specie...
Sprint cycling rate of torque development associates with strength measurement in trained cyclistsNARA Subscribed
Purpose A cyclist’s rate of force/torque development (RFD/RTD) and peak force/torque can be measured during single-joint or whole-body isometric tests, or during cycling. However, there is limited understanding of the relationship between these measures, and of the mechanisms that contribute to each measure. Therefore, we examined the: (i) relationship between quadriceps central and peripheral neuromuscular function with RFD/R...
Muscle glucose transport activity increases with an acute bout of exercise, a process that is accomplished by the translocation of glucose transporters to the plasma membrane. This process remains intact in the skeletal muscle of individuals with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Exercise training is, therefore, an important cornerstone in the management of individuals with T2DM. However, the acute system...
Protected species bycatch can be rare, making it difficult for fishery managers to develop unbiased estimates of fishing-induced mortality. To address this problem, we use Bayesian time-series models to estimate the bycatch of humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae ), which have been documented only twice since 2002 by fishery observers in the United States West Coast sablefish pot fishery, once in 2014 and once in 2016. Thi...
Motivation The Tundra Trait Team (TTT) database includes field‐based measurements of key traits related to plant form and function at multiple sites across the tundra biome. This dataset can be used to address theoretical questions about plant strategy and trade‐offs, trait–environment relationships and environmental filtering, and trait variation across spatial scales, to validate satellite data, and to inform Earth system mo...
Small global-mean cooling due to volcanic radiative forcingNARA Subscribed
Measurement of blood volume in the elasmobranch fish Scyliorhinus canicula following acute and long‐term salinity transfersNARA Subscribed
A technique using 51 chromium‐labelled erythrocytes was used to measure blood volume in Scyliorhinus canicula following long‐term and acute salinity transfers. Basal whole‐blood volume was 5·6 ± 0·2 ml 100 g −1 (mean ± s . e .), this increased (6·3 ± 0·2 ml 100 g −1 ) following +14 day acclimation to 80% sea water (SW) and decreased (4·6 ± 0·2 ml 100 g −1 ) following acclimation to 120% SW. These changes were shown to be prima...
Rectal gland morphology of freshwater and seawater acclimated bull sharks Carcharhinus leucasNARA Subscribed
To compare rectal gland morphology of bull sharks Carcharhinus leucas , animals captured in the freshwater reaches of the Brisbane River, Australia, were acclimated to sea water over 17 days with 1 week in the final salinity. A control group was left in fresh water for 17 days. Animals in fresh water and sea water were strongly hyper‐ and hypo‐ionic with respect to plasma Na + and Cl – , respectively. This difference necessita...
Nest architecture and genetic differentiation in a species complex of Australian stingless beesNARA Subscribed
We investigated the taxonomic significance of nest shape and its putative role in speciation in Trigona ( Heterotrigona ) carbonaria and T. ( H. ) hockingsi , two sibling species of stingless bee species from eastern Australia. These species are primarily distinguished by their nest architecture, as in all other respects they are nearly identical. We genotyped 130 colonies from six locations in Queensland at 13 microsatellite...
In the European lesser‐spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula , rectal gland mass in mg ( M Rg ) followed the allometric relationship: M Rg = 1·15 M 0·68 , where M is body mass (g). The concept of allometric scaling is an important consideration in studies investigating the function of osmoregulatory organs.
Chloride secretion rates of rectal glands taken from the European lesser‐spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula adapting to 70% and 120% sea water (SW) were significantly greater and less than, respectively, those in the control 100% SW group. C‐type natriuretic peptide (CNP) significantly increased chloride secretion rates above basal values in 100% SW although angiotenisn II (ANG II) had no effect. Perfusion of the secretory...
Geographic variation can lead to the evolution of different local varieties, even in widespread forage plants. We investigated the performance of common forage plants in relation to their genetic diversity and local adaptation at a continental scale using reciprocal transplants at eight field sites across Europe over a 2‐year period. The overall performance of the three test species, Trifolium pratense , Dactylis glomerata , P...
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