Rocky shore haliotids are frequently exposed to significant environmental fluctuations in temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen. We investigated how acclimation temperature influenced the physiological and biological responses of blackfoot Pāua ( Haliotis iris ) to acute temperature change, reduced salinity and progressive hypoxia. Individuals were acclimated to one of four constant temperatures (12, 15, 18 or 21 °C) for...

Aim Although mycorrhizal traits have been widely studied at the species level, their distribution and ecological significance at the community level remain poorly understood. We investigated how community‐level arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) traits vary among grassland ecosystems differing in climatic conditions and land‐use regime. Location Europe and North America. Taxa Herbaceous vascular plants. Methods We analysed 104 grassl...

The invasion of the North Atlantic by pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha has raised concerns regarding their impact on coastal rivers. Although the influence of marine‐derived nutrients from returning adult O. gorbuscha on rivers in their native range has received much attention, the ecological consequences of invasive O. gorbuscha for ecosystems outside the native range are largely unknown. To investigate the impact on the de...

Aim Understanding why some plant species are abundant or widely distributed is a long‐standing aim of plant ecology. This research investigated whether the position of herbaceous plant species within the plant economics spectrum (aboveground and belowground) and along the mycorrhizal collaboration gradient could explain their local abundance, geographic occupancy, and global abundance. Location Global. Methods We used two publ...

Species‐specific feedback between plants and soil microbial communities is an important driver of vegetation dynamics. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi colonise most terrestrial plants but are not expected to generate specific feedbacks due to low host specificity. We tested whether variation in mycorrhizal associations and associated rhizosphere metabolomes among co‐existing temperate grassland species leads to species‐speci...

Ecological niche volumes are hypothesised to decrease with latitude, with species distribution primarily shaped by abiotic factors at high latitudes and biotic factors at low latitudes. Similar patterns are expected along elevational gradients. We tested these predictions using global distribution and niche data for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. We found that temperature niche volumes increased with latitude, while precip...

Studies of niche differentiation and biodiversity often focus on a few niche dimensions due to the methodological challenge of describing hyperdimensional niche space. However, this may limit our understanding of community assembly processes. We used the full spectrum of realized niche types to study arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities: distinguishing abiotic and biotic, and condition and resource, axes. Estimates of dif...

Mycorrhizal symbioses are known to strongly influence plant performance, structure plant communities and shape ecosystem dynamics. Plant mycorrhizal traits, such as those characterising mycorrhizal type (arbuscular (AM), ecto‐, ericoid or orchid mycorrhiza) and status (obligately (OM), facultatively (FM) or non‐mycorrhizal) offer valuable insight into plant belowground functionality. Here, we compile available plant mycorrhiza...

Aim The occurrence, relative richness and abundance of N‐fixing plants are the main features of the N‐fixing potential of vascular plant communities. We aimed to unveil how climate, biome type and land management regime affect the N‐fixing potential of vegetation. Since the world is witnessing an invincible transition of all those environmental factors during the last century, we examined the global growth trends of N‐fixers t...

Classical theory identifies resource competition as the major structuring force of biotic communities and predicts that (i) levels of dominance and richness in communities are inversely related, (ii) narrow niches allow dense “packing” in niche space and thus promote diversity, and (iii) dominants are generalists with wide niches, such that locally abundant taxa also exhibit wide distributions. Current empirical support, howev...

Aim Organisms on our planet form spatially congruent and functionally distinct communities, which at large geographical scales are called “biomes”. Understanding their pattern and function is vital for sustainable use and protection of biodiversity. Current global terrestrial biome classifications are based primarily on climate characteristics and functional aspects of plant community assembly. These and other existing biome s...

Runs of homozygosity (ROH) occur when offspring inherit haplotypes that are identical by descent from each parent. Length distributions of ROH are informative about population history; specifically, the probability of inbreeding mediated by mating system and/or population demography. Here, we investigated whether variation in killer whale ( Orcinus orca ) demographic history is reflected in genome‐wide heterozygosity and ROH l...

Livestock have long been integral to food production systems, often not by choice but by need. While our knowledge of livestock greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions mitigation has evolved, the prevailing focus has been—somewhat myopically—on technology applications associated with mitigation. Here, we (1) examine the global distribution of livestock GHG emissions, (2) explore social, economic and environmental co‐benefits and trade‐...

Plants involved in the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis trade photosynthetically derived carbon for fungal‐provided soil nutrients. However, little is known about how plant light demand and ambient light conditions influence root‐associating AM fungal communities. We conducted a manipulative field experiment to test whether plants’ shade‐tolerance influences their root AM fungal communities in open and shaded grassland si...

Invasive non‐native species (NNS) are internationally recognized as posing a serious threat to global biodiversity, economies and human health. The identification of invasive NNS is already established, those that may arrive in the future, their vectors and pathways of introduction and spread, and hotspots of invasion are important for a targeted approach to managing introductions and impacts at local, regional and global scal...