Coastal waters are increasingly susceptible to low-oxygen conditions where circulation or nutrient inputs have been altered by anthropogenic activities, leading to increased occurrence of coastal hypoxia worldwide. Low-oxygen conditions also occur naturally in coastal settings, typically in bottom water or landward of sills where circulation is weak. Here we identify and characterize a persistent, low-oxygen layer in the mid-w...

Given the United Nations’ ambitious goal—endorsed by more than 100 nations, including Canada—of protecting 30% of the world’s marine ecosystems by 2030 (UN, 2023), the need to establish, expand, and track the effectiveness of protected areas is becoming more pressing each year. Effective planning for and monitoring of marine protected areas (MPAs) rely on the availability of quality baseline ecological and oceanographic inform...