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Interpretable deep learning reveals spatiotemporal MRI features of brain aging that align with neurodegenerationNARA Subscribed
Cortical thinning and atrophy are hallmarks of brain aging that have been characterized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain aging involves many neuroanatomic features whose effects on brain structure remain unexplored. To address this challenge, we trained interpretable deep neural networks (DNNs) to estimate brain age (BA) from T 1 -weighted ( T 1 w) MRI. By identifying MRI features unapparent to humans, DNNs can fi...
The heart undergoes substantial structural changes in response to new physiological demands, which occur with the rapid opening of pulmonary circulation immediately after birth. The dependence on pulmonary circulation causes an immediate increase in ventricular workload, resulting in microstructural changes that serve to maintain overall physiological homeostasis. Ageing continues to evolve the heart’s structure due to increas...
Heavy prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with changes to the brain’s white matter, which may underpin attention problems observed in this population. Less is known about the effect of low to moderate exposure. This study investigated white matter correlates of attention in children with low to moderate levels of prenatal alcohol exposure and controls whose mothers abstained from alcohol. We also examined whether associati...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), yet little is known about how sex and APOE interact to influence white matter (WM) integrity during disease progression. We integrated diffusion MRI and matched blood transcriptomic data to investigate these interactions and their underlying biological mechanisms. WM microstructure was quantified using diffusion te...
Comparing Influences of Natural and Artificial Woody Habitat on Benthic Macroinvertebrates in a North Temperate LakeNARA Subscribed
Littoral habitat is an important organizing force in lacustrine food webs. Modification of littoral habitat directly impacts aquatic macroinvertebrates, which are important vectors between basal resources and higher trophic levels. Lakeshore residential development is a pervasive phenomenon often characterized by the loss of coarse woody habitat (CWH) from lakes, and the construction of artificial wooden structures (docks and...
Tree pests and diseases are a key threat to woodland biodiversity and commercial forestry worldwide. In the UK, the ongoing spread of pests and diseases is severely affecting a range of nationally important tree species, resulting in substantial ecological and economic impacts. As the risk posed by pests and diseases varies across the UK's treescapes, understanding the patterns of risk and the factors underlying these patterns...
The branching green macroalga Cladophora glomerata and its epiphytic microbiome dominate summer biomass in the Eel River, a Northern California river under Mediterranean (summer drought, winter rain) seasonality. Green Cladophora streamers proliferate in early summer, then change to yellow and then red‐brown as epiphyte loads increase. We characterised successional changes in epiphytic bacteria on Cladophora , examining both c...
Predicting the progression of MCI and Alzheimer’s disease on structural brain integrity and other features with machine learningNARA Subscribed
Machine learning (ML) on structural MRI data shows high potential for classifying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression, but the specific contribution of brain regions, demographics, and proteinopathy remains unclear. Using Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data, we applied an extreme gradient-boosting algorithm and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values to classify cognitively normal (CN) older adults, th...
When can we detect lianas from space? Toward a mechanistic understanding of liana‐infested forest opticsNARA Subscribed
Lianas, woody vines acting as structural parasites of trees, have profound effects on the composition and structure of tropical forests, impacting tree growth, mortality, and forest succession. Remote sensing could offer a powerful tool for quantifying the scale of liana infestation, provided the availability of robust detection methods. We analyze the consistency and global geographic specificity of spectral signals—reflectan...
Non-indigenous species (NIS) are on a rise globally. They can pose strong impacts on ecosystems in their non-native range and can therefore be a serious threat to biodiversity. Here, we compile the existing information available regarding the extent to which commercially and recreationally used fish stocks (exploited fish species) are affected by NIS. To do so, we conducted a literature review to summarize the known and presum...
New Zealand Myrtaceae are susceptible to a strain from the Eucalyptus biotype of Austropuccinia psidii present in South AmericaNARA Subscribed
The international spread of the myrtle rust pathogen, Austropuccinia psidii , can be largely attributed to the “pandemic” biotype that has more than 450 host species. However, within South America, the putative native range of A. psidii , multiple biotypes have been characterised, each with a restricted known number of hosts. These biotypes may pose a significant biosecurity threat to countries already affected by the pandemic...