Environmental stress-associated tissue deterioration remains an important challenge in the cultivation of Kappaphycus alvarezii . This study evaluated the effects of immersion-based application of Origanum vulgare extract on the growth performance and pigmentation of K. alvarezii cultivated under field conditions. In vitro antibacterial assays showed inhibitory activity of the extract against Staphylococcus aureus (21 mm inhib...

The control of toxic nitrogenous compounds such as ammonia and nitrite is well established as part of farm management protocols for indoor Litopenaeus vannamei aquaculture. In comparison, nitrate (NO 3 -N) levels are often disregarded due to relative low toxicity to shrimp, as evidenced by the lack of studies on chronic nitrate stress. In the current study, 160 individuals of L. vannamei in the grow-out stage were exposed to 5...