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Wildfires are often a natural part of many European ecosystems, but human activities through land use, other socio‐economic factors and climate change have significantly changed how fires behave. Anthropogenic climate change is already intensifying fire‐prone weather and increasing wildfire risk across Europe with risk expected to grow sharply in coming decades. Past experience suggests that human action, such as fuel manageme...
Beyond the treeline: Are wood‐nesting bees and wasps limited by nesting habitat at high elevations?NARA Subscribed
Although climate suitability is often thought to be the most important determinant of species ranges, non‐climate variables such as biotic interactions, dispersal abilities, and habitat quality may play equally important roles as range‐limiting factors. For some organisms, the constraints imposed by these non‐climate variables may explain their failure to establish in novel habitats that appear suitable with respect to climate...
The Toxicology Investigators Consortium 2024 Annual ReportNARA Subscribed
Up High, Hot and Dry: Individual Reproductive Output in Subalpine Bees Declines With Increasing Drought SeverityNARA Subscribed
Wild bees play indispensable ecological roles in many ecosystems, yet declines in many species have been documented in recent years. These declines have been linked to numerous anthropogenic pressures, including climate change, which can influence bee populations directly (i.e., via physiological mechanisms) and indirectly (e.g., through changes to floral resource quantity and quality). Widespread changes in the distributions...
Land use change threatens global biodiversity and compromises ecosystem functions, including pollination and food production. Reduced taxonomic α‐diversity is often reported under land use change, yet the impacts could be different at larger spatial scales (i.e., γ‐diversity), either due to reduced β‐diversity amplifying diversity loss or increased β‐diversity dampening diversity loss. Additionally, studies often focus on taxo...
The Toxicology Investigators Consortium 2023 Annual ReportNARA Subscribed
Consequences of pollen defense compounds for pollinators and antagonists in a pollen‐rewarding plantNARA Subscribed
Plants produce an array of defensive compounds with toxic or deterrent effects on insect herbivores. Pollen can contain relatively high concentrations of such defense compounds, but the causes and consequences of this enigmatic phenomenon remain mostly unknown. These compounds could potentially protect pollen against antagonists but could also reduce flower attractiveness to pollinators. We combined field observations of the p...
Regional plant abundance explains patterns of host use by pollen‐specialist bees in eastern N orth A mericaNARA Subscribed
Specialist insect herbivores make up a substantial fraction of Earth's biodiversity; however, they exploit a minority of plant lineages. For instance, in the eastern United States and Canada, ~25% of bee species are pollen specialists, but they are hosted by a small fraction of the native, animal‐pollinated angiosperms in the region: Only 6% of plant genera and 3% of families support pollen‐specialist bees. It is unclear why s...
Ocean health is fundamental to human prosperity. However, fisheries exploitation, industrialization and climate change imperil our oceans. Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been established in coastal habitats since the 1970s and the ongoing monitoring of these MPAs has shown their general ecological and economic value. Demonstrable benefits can include biodiversity conservation, fisheries enhancement and climate resilience....
On the ecological significance of pollen color: a case study in American trout lily ( Erythronium americanum )NARA Subscribed
Evolutionary ecologists seek to explain the processes that maintain variation within populations. In plants, petal color variation can affect pollinator visitation, environmental tolerance, and herbivore deterrence. Variation in sexual organs may similarly affect plant performance. Within‐population variation in pollen color, as occurs in the eastern North American spring ephemeral Erythronium americanum , provides an excellen...
Direct benefits and indirect costs of warm temperatures for high‐elevation populations of a solitary beeNARA Subscribed
Warm temperatures are required for insect flight. Consequently, warming could benefit many high‐latitude and high‐altitude insects by increasing opportunities for foraging or oviposition. However, warming can also alter species interactions, including interactions with natural enemies, making the net effect of rising temperatures on population growth rate difficult to predict. We investigated the temperature‐dependence of nest...
Flowering phenology in subalpine meadows: Does climate variation influence community co‐flowering patterns?NARA Subscribed
Climate change is expected to alter patterns of species co‐occurrence, in both space and time. Species‐specific shifts in reproductive phenology may alter the assemblages of plant species in flower at any given time during the growing season. Temporal overlap in the flowering periods (co‐flowering) of animal‐pollinated species may influence reproductive success if competitive or facilitative interactions between plant species...
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