Amazonian Dark Earths (ADE) and Urochloa brizantha conditioned soil (CS) did not improve early tree growth. Combination CS+ADE reduced Gram-positive bacteria and Herbaspirillum by 3-fold. Microbial networks were stronger in Cecropia and Acacia with the combination CS+ADE. β-glucosidase activity declined 70% in Acacia under CS+ADE. Native Oxisol microbiota showed resilience to ADE-based treatments. Amazonian Dark Earths (ADE) a...

Refined 3D Quaternary geological modeling can reveal the spatial and geological structures of strata from a 3D perspective, which is an essential subject in current Quaternary geology and 3D GIS research. This research addresses the critical challenge posed by the significant discontinuity and heterogeneity of Quaternary strata, which result from multiple depositional events and lead to complex stratigraphic structures that ar...