Aquatic macrophyte responses and adaptation to water depth and nutrient gradients are of critical importance for understanding the functional ecology of lakes and their restoration when degraded. However, the role of plant trait networks (PTNs), a powerful tool for decoding trait–environment–function relationships, in mediating these adaptations remains unclear, particularly across species and community scales. We conducted cr...

Distal cholangiocarcinoma (dCCA) is a malignant tumor characterized by a challenging diagnosis, high invasiveness, and extremely poor prognosis. Research on dCCA is limited by the scarcity of reliable patient-derived preclinical tumor models. This study established a novel human distal cholangiocarcinoma cell line, CBC3T-3, and systematically characterized its biological properties, genomic features, and potential for clinical...